The ability to access systems at the point of work, unbound to a desktop PC, is seen as critical by many organizations. Simultaneously, wireless networks are proliferating. Several companies worldwide are working on extending the range of Wi-Fi from meters to kilometers through the use of smart antennas and mesh network technologies. The FCC has also recently allocated unlicensed spectrum for ultrawideband networks, which promise much higher speeds and less interference than Wi-Fi networks.
On the hardware front, mobile devices are growing more capable and less expensive. New form factors like tablets and smart phones are appearing, color displays are becoming standard, and pen input is getting better. Finally, computing power is also being embedded into everyday things such as cars, roads, cameras and vending machines. In the future, many of these devices will be on the network, sensing, monitoring, controlling and informing us about our environment.
Besides making us even more wired, what are the true business benefits of pervasive computing initiatives? One example is in the manufacturing sector, where time and motion studies have demonstrated that mobilizing job-specific system functions can spur productivity increases in factories, warehouses and retail outlets and in the field.
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Skip to content. Change Language. Related Articles. Table of Contents. Save Article. This contrast comes from different necessities of having computer-enabled information access at home. Whereas U. For shopping, Japanese retail shops are located within a few steps of offices, train stations, and homes.
In such a society, it makes more sense to go out and buy what's needed rather than logging on and surfing the net. Pervasive computing offers ubiquitous access to information without requiring much user effort. The value of pervasive computing in a society such as Japan, where people closely communicate and share common means of engaging in social activities, may be in enhancing interpersonal communication. Sending and receiving messages on handheld devices will be in great demand, and enabling devices to interface with others will greatly accelerate pervasive computing.
Technologies can change the way people work, live, and commute. Many first-world citizens are coming to depend on various appliances and devices such as the telephone, TV, and microwave.
For many, it would be difficult to live without the convenience and services these provide. The future may offer enhanced wearable devices not only hearing aids and pagers, but identity transponders worn on the body that allow self-service checkout at the cashier-free supermarket by debiting the customer's account , imbedded devices a blind person with brain-imbedded visual sensors , and perhaps high-tech piercing based on form or function!
Home appliances already have adopted pervasive computing functions in Japan. Some appliance manufacturers have introduced microwave ovens that download cooking recipes from the manufacturer's server. Although not Net-connected, rice cookers have long been equipped with microchips that control the heating sequence.
Air conditioners also have used sophisticated temperature control employing "fuzzy" logic. All have the potential to become interactive. This sophistication in home appliances in Japan may be attributed to the fact that many families emphasize domestic activities such as cooking, cleaning, and maintaining housing. It may take comparatively longer for the United States to adopt appliance computerization because households take less time to engage in such domestic activities.
In financial applications, the use of cash is preferred by far over credit cards in Japan, and personal checks are virtually unused. In this context, adoption of pervasive computing may be characterized as interpersonal and domestic in Japan, and business oriented and social in the United States. The shape and physical characteristics of pervasive devices also vary. The U. Americans generally travel by car; devices therefore are not required to be as light and compact as in Japan, where a majority of people take public transportation and walk.
Also, Japanese users tend to be attracted by style and physical characteristics even if the contents and services are limited. A general tendency in the Japanese consumer market is that the devices themselves hardware initially are more attractive than the contents; the contents provide secondary attraction, and subsequent growth in contents and services.
The Japanese's preference for portability will provide incentive for manufacturers of handheld pervasive devices to quickly deliver multifunction devices that are small enough to wear on the body rather than actually being only handheld. For embedded technology, such as in automobile and home appliances, the Japanese often are attracted to more function than they may actually need, expecting to be able to use services and contents when they become available.
They select products by this criteria when purchasing. This tendency may explain the rapid introduction of Web-enabled home appliances mentioned earlier. Although the United States leads with per capita PC usage and penetration, cell phone usage is higher in parts of Asia and Europe. Cell phones are no longer limited to voice communications; customers can have wireless access to banking, travel reservations, and other mostly consumer applications.
An example circa October is the Nokia GSM phone, complete with a keyboard, screen, and Windows-type interface including browser. In Finland and Japan, school students use small, portable, inexpensive wireless devices to send short text messages to each other inside and outside the classroom! Japan's dominant carrier has sparked an explosion of Japan's cell phone market, now one of the world's largest and most sophisticated. DoCoMo grew from a vision that the future of the mobile business lay not in voice calls but in services such as Internet access.
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